Chapter 30 Sanitary Drainage

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CHAPTER 30
SANITARY DRAINAGE

The text of this chapter is extracted from the 2018 edition of the North Carolina Plumbing Code and has been modified where necessary to conform to the scope of application of the North Carolina Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings. The section numbers appearing in parentheses after each section number are the section numbers of the corresponding text in the North Carolina Plumbing Code.

SECTION P3001
GENERAL

P3001.1 (701.1) Scope.

The provisions of this chapter shall govern the materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary drainage systems. Plumbing materials shall conform to the requirements of this chapter. The drainage, waste and vent (DWV) system shall consist of piping for conveying wastes from plumbing fixtures, appliances and appurtenances, including fixture traps; above-grade drainage piping; below-grade drains within the building (building drain); below- and above-grade venting systems; and piping to the public sewer or private septic system.

P3001.2 (305.4) Protection from freezing.

No traps of soil or waste pipe shall be installed or permitted outside of a building, or concealed in outside walls or in any place where they may be subjected to freezing temperatures, unless adequate provision is made to protect them from freezing.

Building sewers that connect to private sewage disposal systems shall be installed not less than 3 inches (76.2 mm) below finished grade at the point of septic tank connection. Building sewers shall be installed not less than 3 inches (76.2 mm) below grade.

Note: These provisions are minimum requirements, which have been found suitable for normal weather conditions. Abnormally low temperatures for extended periods may require additional provisions to prevent freezing.

P3001.3 (309.1) Flood-resistant installation.

In flood hazard areas as established by Table R301.2(1), drainage, waste and vent systems shall be located and installed to prevent infiltration of floodwaters into the systems and discharges from the systems into floodwaters.

SECTION P3002
MATERIALS

P3002.1 (702.1) Piping within buildings.

Drain, waste and vent (DWV) piping in buildings shall be as indicated in Tables P3002.1(1) and P3002.1(2) except that galvanized wrought-iron or galvanized steel pipe shall not be used underground and shall be maintained not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above ground. Allowance shall be made for the thermal expansion and contraction of plastic piping.

TABLE P3002.1(1)

ABOVE-GROUND DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2661; ASTM F628; ASTM F1488; CSA B181.1
Cast-iron pipe ASTM A74; CISPI 301; ASTM A888
Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B42; ASTM B43; ASTM B302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251; ASTM B306
Galvanized steel pipe ASTM A53
Polyolefin pipe CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2665; ASTM F891; CSA B181.2; ASTM F1488
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25 inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2949; ASTM F1488
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L ASME A 112.3.1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

TABLE P3002.1(2)

UNDERGROUND BUILDING DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE

PIPE STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2661; ASTM F628; ASTM F1488; CSA B181.1
Cast-iron pipe ASTM A74; CISPI 301; ASTM A888
Copper or copper alloy tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251; ASTM B306
Polyolefin pipe ASTM F1412; CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or com-posite wall ASTM D2665; ASTM F891; ASTM F1488; CSA B181.2
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25 inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2949; ASTM F1488
Stainless steel drainage systems, Type 316L ASME A 112.3.1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

P3002.2 Building sewer.

Building sewer piping shall be as shown in Table P3002.2. Forced main sewer piping shall conform to one of the standards for ABS plastic pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing, PVC plastic pipe or pressure-rated pipe indicated in Table P3002.2.

TABLE P3002.2

BUILDING SEWER PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2661; ASTM F628; ASTM F1488
Cast-iron pipe ASTM A74; ASTM A888; CISPI 301
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters, including SDR 42 (PS 20), PS35, SDR 35 (PS 45), PS50, PS100, PS140, SDR 23.5 (PS 150) and PS200; with a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM F1488; ASTM D2751
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters, including PS 25, SDR 41 (PS 28), PS 35, SDR 35 (PS 46), PS 50, PS 100, SDR 26 (PS 115), PS140 and PS 200; with a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM F891; ASTM F1488; ASTM D3034; CSA B182.2; CSA B182.4; ANSI/AWWA C900
Concrete pipe ASTM C14; ASTM C76; CSA A257.1M; CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K or L) ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251
Ductile iron pipe ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe (SDR-PR) ASTM F714
Polyolefin pipe ASTM F1412; CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2665; ASTM D2949; ASTM D3034; ASTM F1412; CSA B182.2; CSA B182.4
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25 inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall ASTM D2949, ASTM F1488
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L ASME A 112.3.1
Vitrified clay pipe ASTM C425; ASTM C700

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

P3002.2.1 (703.1) Building sewer pipe near the water service.

The proximity of a building sewer to a water service shall comply with Section P2905.4.1.

P3002.3 Fittings.

Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping material installed and shall comply with the applicable standards indicated in Table P3002.3. Pipe fittings shall not be solvent cemented inside of plastic pipe.

TABLE P3002.3

PIPE FITTINGS

PIPE MATERIAL FITTING STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters ASTM D2661; ASTM D3311; ASTM F628; CSA B181.1
Cast-iron ASME B 16.4; ASME B 16.12; ASTM A74; ASTM A888; CISPI 301
Acrylonotrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters ASTM D2751
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters ASTM D3034, ASTM D3139
Copper or copper alloy ASME B 16.15; ASME B 16.18; ASME B 16.22;ASME B 16.23; ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29
Gray iron and ductile iron AWWA C 110/A21.10
Polyolefin ASTM F1412; CSA B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic in IPS diameters ASTM D2665; ASTM D3311; ASTM F1866
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25 inch O.D. ASTM D2949
PVC fabricated fittings ASTM F1866
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L ASME A 112.3.1
Vitrified clay ASTM C700

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

P3002.3.1 (706.2) Drainage fittings.

Drainage fittings shall have a smooth interior waterway of the same diameter as the piping served. Fittings shall conform to the type of pipe used. Drainage fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or reductions that can retard or obstruct drainage flow in the piping. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the recessed drainage type, black or galvanized. Drainage fittings shall be designed to maintain one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) grade. This section shall not be applicable to tubular waste fittings.

P3002.4 Other materials.

Sheet lead, lead bends, lead traps and sheet copper shall comply with Sections P3002.4.1 through P3002.4.3.

P3002.4.1 (902.3) Sheet lead.

Sheet lead shall weigh not less than indicated for the following applications:

  1. 1.Flashing of vent terminals, 3 psf (15 kg/m2).

  2. 2.Prefabricated flashing for vent pipes, 21/2 psf (12 kg/m2).

P3002.4.2 Lead bends and traps.

Lead bends and lead traps shall be not less than 1/8-inch (3 mm) wall thickness.

P3002.4.3 (902.2) Sheet copper.

Sheet copper shall weigh not less than indicated for the following applications:

  1. 1.General use, 12 ounces per square feet (4 kg/m2).

  2. 2.Flashing for vent pipes, 8 ounces per square feet (2.5 kg/m2).

SECTION P3003
JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

P3003.1 Tightness.

Joints and connections in the DWV system shall be gas tight and water tight for the intended use or pressure required by test.

P3003.1.1 Threaded joints, general.

Pipe and fitting threads shall be tapered.

P3003.2 (707.1) Prohibited joints.

Running threads and bands shall not be used in the drainage system. Drainage and vent piping shall not be drilled, tapped, burned or welded.

The following types of joints and connections shall be prohibited:

  1. 1.Cement or concrete.

  2. 2.Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.

  3. 3.Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific installation.

  4. 4.Joints between different diameter pipes made with elastomeric rolling O-rings.

  5. 5.Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic pipe.

  6. 6.Saddle-type fittings.

P3003.3 (705.2) ABS plastic.

Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.3.1 through P3003.3.3.

P3003.3.1 (705.2.1) Mechanical joints.

Mechanical joints on drainage pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C1173, ASTM D3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall be installed only in underground systems unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.3.2 (705.2.2) Solvent cementing.

Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to ASTM D2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be applied to joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D2235, ASTM D2661, ASTM F628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.

P3003.3.3 (705.2.3) Threaded joints.

Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.

P3003.4 (705.4) Cast iron.

Joints between cast-iron pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.4.1 through P3003.4.3.

P3003.4.1 (705.4.1) Caulked joints.

Joints for hub and spigot pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead shall be poured in one operation to a depth of not less than 1 inch (25 mm). The lead shall not recede more than 1/8 inch (3 mm) below the rim of the hub and shall be caulked tight. Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight.

P3003.4.2 (705.4.2) Compression gasket joints.

Compression gaskets for hub and spigot pipe and fittings shall conform to ASTM C564. Gaskets shall be compressed when the pipe is fully inserted.

P3003.4.3 (705.4.3) Mechanical joint coupling.

Mechanical joint couplings for hubless pipe and fittings shall consist of an elastomeric sealing sleeve and a metallic shield that comply with CISPI 310, ASTM C1277 or ASTM C1540. The elastomeric sealing sleeve shall conform to ASTM C564 or CSA B602 and shall have a center stop. Mechanical joint couplings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.5 (705.5) Concrete joints.

Joints between concrete pipe and fittings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C443, ASTM C1173, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602.

P3003.6 (705.6) Copper and copper-alloy pipe and tubing.

Joints between copper or copper-alloy pipe tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.6.1 through P3003.6.4.

P3003.6.1 (705.5) (705.6.1) Brazed joints.

All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where required. Brazing materials shall have a melting point in excess of 1,000ºF (538ºC). Brazing alloys filler metal shall be in accordance with AWS A5.8.

P3003.6.2 (705.6.2) Mechanical joints.

Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.6.3 (705.6.3) Soldered joints.

Copper and copper-alloy joints shall be soldered in accordance with ASTM B828. Cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. Fluxes for soldering shall be in accordance with ASTM B813 and shall become noncorrosive and nontoxic after soldering. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B32.

P3003.6.4 (705.6.4) Threaded joints.

Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.

P3003.7 (705.9) Steel.

Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.7.1 and P3003.7.2.

P3003.7.1 (705.9.1) Threaded joints.

Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.

P3003.7.2 (705.9.2) Mechanical joints.

Joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.8 (705.10) Lead.

Joints between lead pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.8.1 and P3003.8.2.

P3003.8.1 (705.10.1) Burned.

Burned joints shall be uniformly fused together into one continuous piece. The thickness of the joint shall be not less than the thickness of the lead being joined. The filler metal shall be of the same material as the pipe.

P3003.8.2 (705.10.2) Wiped.

Joints shall be fully wiped, with an exposed surface on each side of the joint not less than 3/4 inch (19 mm). The joint shall be not less than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) thick at the thickest point.

P3003.9 (705.11) PVC plastic.

Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.9.1 through P3003.9.3.

P3003.9.1 (705.11.1) Mechanical joints.

Mechanical joints on drainage pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C1173, ASTM D3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.9.2 (705.11.2) Solvent cementing.

Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. A purple primer or an ultraviolet purple primer that conforms to ASTM F656 shall be applied. When an ultraviolet primer is used, the installer shall provide an ultraviolet light to the inspector to be used during the inspection. Solvent cement not purple in color and conforming to ASTM D2564, CSA B137.3 or CSA B181.2 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet, and shall be in accordance with ASTM D2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be installed above or below ground. Clear primer conforming to ASTM F656 may be applied to all joint surfaces where the piping is exposed under sinks and in buildings.

P3003.9.3 (705.11.3) Threaded joints.

Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.

P3003.10 (705.12) Vitrified clay.

Joints between vitrified clay pipe or fittings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C425, ASTM C1173 or CSA B602.

P3003.11 (705.14) Polyolefin plastic.

Joints between polyolefin plastic pipe and fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.11.1 and P3003.11.2.

P3003.11.1 (705.14.1) Heat-fusion joints.

Heat-fusion joints for polyolefin pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with socket-type heat-fused polyolefin fittings or electrofusion polyolefin fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM F1412 or CSA B181.3.

P3003.11.2 (705.14.2) Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.

Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.12 (705.13) Polyethylene plastic pipe.

Joints between polyethylene plastic pipe and fittings shall be underground and shall comply with Section P3003.12.1 or P3003.12.2.

P3003.12.1 (705.13.1) Heat fusion joints.

Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. Joint surfaces shall be cut, heated to melting temperature and joined using tools specifically designed for the operation. Joints shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D2657 and the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.12.2 (705.13.2) Mechanical joints.

Mechanical joints in drainage piping shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C1173, ASTM D3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.13 (705.16) Joints between different materials.

Joints between different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type conforming to ASTM C1173, ASTM C1460 or ASTM C1461. Connectors and adapters shall be approved for the application and such joints shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C425, ASTM C443, ASTM C564, ASTM C1440, ASTM D1869, ASTM F477, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602, or as required in Sections P3003.13.1 through P3003.13.6. Joints between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be made with adapters having a TFE seal. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.13.1 (705.16.1) Copper or copper-alloy tubing to cast-iron hub pipe.

Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a copper-alloy ferrule or compression joint. The copper or copper-alloy tubing shall be soldered to the ferrule in an approved manner, and the ferrule shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked joint or a mechanical compression joint.

P3003.13.2 (705.16.2) Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized steel pipe.

Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a copper-alloy fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall be soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.

P3003.13.3 (705.16.3) Cast-iron pipe to galvanized steel or brass pipe.

Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or copper-alloy pipe shall be made by either caulked or threaded joints or with an approved adapter fitting.

P3003.13.4 (705.16.4) Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.

Joints between different types of plastic pipe or between plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with an approved adapter fitting. Joints between plastic pipe and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or a mechanical compression joint.

P3003.13.5 (705.16.5) Lead pipe to other piping material.

Joints between lead pipe and other piping material shall be made by a wiped joint to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing or shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.

P3003.13.6 (705.16.7) Stainless steel drainage systems to other materials.

Joints between stainless steel drainage systems and other piping materials shall be made with approved mechanical couplings.

P3003.14 (405.4) Joints between drainage piping and water closets.

Joints between drainage piping and water closets or similar fixtures shall be made by means of a closet flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket compatible with the drainage system material, securely fastened to a structurally firm base. Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws or bolts of corrosion-resistant material. The joint shall be bolted, with an approved gasket flange to fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or setting compound between the fixture and the closet flange or waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint shall comply with the joint-tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3003.14.1 (405.4.1) Floor flanges.

Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2-inch (51 mm) caulking depth for cast iron or galvanized malleable iron.

Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead alloy with not less than 7.75-percent antimony by weight.

P3003.14.2 (405.4.3) Securing wall-hung water closet bowls.

Wall hung water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed metal carrier that is attached to the building structural members so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any other part of the plumbing system. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.

SECTION P3004
DETERMINING DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS

P3004.1 (709.1) DWV system load.

The load on DWV-system piping shall be computed in terms of drainage fixture unit (d.f.u.) values in accordance with Table P3004.1.

TABLE P3004.1 (709.1)

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (d.f.u.) VALUES FOR VARIOUS PLUMBING FIXTURES

TYPE OF FIXTURE OR GROUP OF FIXTURES DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE (d.f.u.)a
Bar sink 1
Bathtub (with or without a shower head or whirlpool attachments) 2
Bidet 1
Clothes washer standpipe 2
Dishwasher 2
Floor drainb (including waste receptors or hub drains for condensate waste) 0
Kitchen sink 2
Lavatory 1
Laundry tub 2
Shower stall 2
Water closet (1.6 gallons per flush) 3
Water closet (greater than 1.6 gallons per flush) 4
Full-bath group with bathtub (with 1.6 gallon per flush water closet, and with or without shower head and/or whirlpool attachment on the bathtub or shower stall) 5
Full-bath group with bathtub (water closet greater than 1.6 gallon per flush, and with or without shower head and/or whirlpool attachment on the bathtub or shower stall) 6
Half-bath group (1.6 gallon per flush water closet plus lavatory) 4
Half-bath group (water closet greater than 1.6 gallon per flush plus lavatory) 5
Kitchen group (dishwasher and sink with or without food-waste disposer) 2
Laundry group (clothes washer standpipe and laundry tub) 3
Multiple-bath groupsc:1.5 baths2 baths2.5 baths3 baths3.5 baths 7891011

For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

  1. a.For a continuous or semicontinuous flow into a drainage system, such as from a pump or similar device, 2 fixture units shall be allowed per gpm of flow. For a fixture not listed, use the highest d.f.u. value for a similar listed fixture.

  2. b.A floor drain itself does not add hydraulic load. Where used as a receptor, the fixture unit value of the fixture discharging into the receptor shall be applicable.

  3. c.Add 2 d.f.u. for each additional full bath.

SECTION P3005
DRAINAGE SYSTEM

P3005.1 Drainage fittings and connections.

Fittings shall be installed to guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow. Changes in direction in drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of sanitary tees, wyes, sweeps, bends or by a combination of these drainage fittings in accordance with Table P3005.1. Change in direction by combination fittings, heel or side inlets or increasers shall be installed in accordance with Table P3005.1 and Sections P3005.1.1 through P3005.1.4. based on the pattern of flow created by the fitting. Double sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the discharge of appliances with pumping action discharge.

TABLE P3005.1

FITTINGS FOR CHANGE IN DIRECTION

TYPE OF FITTING PATTERN CHANGE IN DIRECTION
Horizontal to verticalc Vertical to horizontal Horizontal to horizontal
Sixteenth bend X X X
Eighth bend X X X
Sixth bend X X X
Quarter bend X Xd, f Xe
Short sweep X Xa, b Xa
Long sweep X X X
Sanitary tee Xc
Wye X X X
Combination wye and eighth bend X X X

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

  1. a.The fittings shall only be permitted for a 2-inch or smaller sink or lavatory fixture drain.

  2. b.Two inches and larger.

  3. c.For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section P3005.1.

  4. d. May be used only within 12 inches below water closet flange measured to centerline of the quarter bend.

  5. e.This fitting shall only be permitted to be used as the first fitting directly behind the fixture for drains 2 inches and smaller, except clothes washers.

  6. f.The heel inlet connection of a quarter bend may be used as a wet or dry vent if the heel inlet connection of the quarter bend is located in the vertical position. The heel or side inlet connection may be used as a wet vent if the quarter bend is located directly below a water closet or other fixture with one integral trap.

P3005.1.1 (706.3) Horizontal to vertical (multiple connection fittings).

Double fittings such as double sanitary tees and tee-wyes or approved multiple connection fittings and back-to-back fixture arrangements that connect two or more branches at the same level shall be permitted as long as directly opposing connections are the same size and the discharge into directly opposing connections is from similar fixture types or fixture groups. Double sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the discharge of appliances with pumping action discharge.

P3005.1.2 (706.4) Heel- or side-inlet quarter bends, drainage.

Deleted.

P3005.1.3 Heel- or side-inlet quarter bends, venting.

Heel-inlet or side-inlet quarter bends, or any arrangement of pipe and fittings producing a similar effect, shall be acceptable as a dry vent where the inlet is placed in a vertical position. The inlet is permitted to be placed in a horizontal position only where the entire fitting is part of a dry vent arrangement.

P3005.1.4 (420.4) Water closet connection between flange and pipe.

One-quarter bends 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter shall be acceptable for water closet or similar connections, provided that a 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) flange is installed to receive the closet fixture horn. Alternately, a 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) elbow shall be acceptable with a 4-inch (102 mm) flange.

P3005.1.5 (704.4) Provisions for future fixtures.

Where drainage has been roughed-in for future fixtures, the drainage unit values of the future fixtures shall be considered in determining the required drain sizes. Such future installations shall be terminated with an accessible permanent plug or cap fitting.

P3005.1.6 (704.2) Change in size.

The size of the drainage piping shall not be reduced in size in the direction of the flow. A 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) water closet connection shall not be considered as a reduction in size.

P3005.2 (708.1) Cleanouts required.

Cleanouts shall be provided for drainage piping in accordance with Sections P3005.2.1 through P3005.2.11.

P3005.2.1 (708.1.1) Gravity horizontal drains and building drains.

Horizontal drainage pipes in buildings shall have cleanouts located at intervals of not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm). Building drains shall have cleanouts located at intervals of not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) except where manholes are used instead of cleanouts, the manholes shall be located at intervals of not more than 400 feet (122 m). The interval length shall be measured from the cleanout or manhole opening, along the developed length of the piping to the next drainage fitting providing access for cleaning, the end of the horizontal drain or the end of the building drain.

Exception: Horizontal fixture drain piping serving a nonremovable trap shall not be required to have a cleanout for the section of piping between the trap and the vent connection for such trap.

P3005.2.2 (708.1.2) Gravity building sewers.

Building sewers smaller than 8 inches (203 mm) shall have cleanouts located at intervals of not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm). Building sewers 8 inches (203 mm) and larger shall have a manhole located not more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from the junction of the building drain and building sewer and at intervals of not more than 400 feet (122 m). The interval length shall be measured from the cleanout or manhole opening, along the developed length of the piping to the next drainage fitting providing access for cleaning, a manhole or the end of the building sewer.

P3005.2.3 (708.1.3) Building drain and building sewer junction.

There shall be a cleanout at the junction of the building drain and the building sewer. The cleanout shall be outside the building wall and shall be brought up to the finished ground level. An approved two-way cleanout is allowed to be used at this location to serve as a required cleanout for both the building drain and building sewer. The cleanout at the junction of the building drain and building sewer shall not be required if the cleanout on a 3-inch (76 mm) or larger diameter soil stack is located within a developed length of not more than 15 feet (4572 mm) from the building drain and building sewer connection and is extended to the outside of the building. The minimum size of the cleanout at the junction of the building drain and building sewer shall comply with Section P3005.2.5.

P3005.2.4 (708.1.4) Changes of direction.

One cleanout shall be required for every four horizontal 45 degree (0.79 rad) changes located in series. [A long sweep is equivalent to two 45 degree (0.79 rad) bends.]

P3005.2.5 (708.1.5) Cleanout size.

Cleanouts shall be the same size as the piping served by the cleanout, except cleanouts for piping larger than 4 inches (102 mm) need not be larger than 4 inches (102 mm).

Exceptions:

  1. 1.“P” traps connected to the drainage piping with slip joints or ground joint connections.

  2. 2.“P” traps into which floor drains, shower drains or tub drains with removable strainers discharge.

  3. 3.“P” traps into which the straight-through type waste and overflow discharge with the overflow connecting to the top of the tee.

  4. 4.“P” traps into which residential washing machines discharge.

  5. 5.Test tees or cleanouts in a vertical pipe.

  6. 6.Cleanout near the junction of the building drain and the building sewer which may be rodded both ways.

  7. 7.Water closets for the water closet fixture drain only.

  8. 8.Cast-iron cleanout sizing shall be in accordance with referenced standards in Table P3002.3, ASTM A74 for hub and spigot fittings or ASTM A888 or CISPI 301 for hubless fittings.

  9. 9.Cleanouts located on stacks can be one size smaller than the stack size.

P3005.2.6 (708.1.6) Cleanout plugs.

Cleanout plugs shall be copper alloy, plastic or other approved materials. Cleanout plugs for borosilicate glass piping systems shall be of borosilicate glass. Brass cleanout plugs shall conform to ASTM A74 and shall be limited for use only on metallic piping systems. Plastic cleanout plugs shall conform to the referenced standards for plastic pipe fittings as indicated in Table P3002.3. Cleanout plugs shall have a raised square head, a countersunk square head or a countersunk slot head. Where a cleanout plug will have a trim cover screw installed into the plug, the plug shall be manufactured with a blind end threaded hole for such purpose.

P3005.2.7 (708.1.7) Manholes.

Manholes and manhole covers shall be of an approved type. Manholes located inside of a building shall have gas-tight covers that require tools for removal.

P3005.2.8 (708.1.8) Installation arrangement.

The installation arrangement of a cleanout shall enable cleaning of drainage piping only in the direction of drainage flow.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.Test tees serving as cleanouts.

  2. 2.A two-way cleanout installation that is approved for meeting the requirements of Section P3005.2.3.

P3005.2.9 (708.1.9) Required clearance.

Cleanouts for 6-inch (153 mm) and smaller piping shall be provided with a clearance of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from, and perpendicular to, the face of the opening to any obstruction. Cleanouts for 8-inch (203 mm) and larger piping shall be provided with a clearance of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from, and perpendicular to, the face of the opening to any obstruction.

P3005.2.10 (708.1.10) Cleanout access.

Required cleanouts shall not be installed in concealed locations. For the purposes of this section, concealed locations include, but are not limited to, the inside of plenums, within walls, within floor/ceiling assemblies, below grade and in crawl spaces where the height from the crawl space floor to the nearest obstruction along the path from the crawl space opening to the cleanout location is less than 24 inches (610 mm). Cleanouts with openings at a finished wall shall have the face of the opening located within 11/2 inches (38 mm) of the finished wall surface. Cleanouts located below grade shall be extended to grade level so that the top of the cleanout plug is at or above grade. A cleanout installed in a floor or walkway that will not have a trim cover installed shall have a counter-sunk plug installed so the top surface of the plug is flush with the finished surface of the floor or walkway.

P3005.2.10.1 (708.1.10.1) Cleanout plug trim covers.

Trim covers and access doors for cleanout plugs shall be designed for such purposes. Trim cover fasteners that thread into cleanout plugs shall be corrosion resistant. Cleanout plugs shall not be covered with mortar, plaster or any other permanent material.

P3005.2.10.2 (708.1.10.2) Floor cleanout assemblies.

Where it is necessary to protect a cleanout plug from the loads of vehicular traffic, cleanout assemblies in accordance with ASME A112.36.2M shall be installed.

P3005.2.11 (708.1.11) Prohibited use.

The use of a threaded cleanout opening to add a fixture or extend piping shall be prohibited except where another cleanout of equal size is installed with the required access and clearance.

P3005.3 (704.1) Horizontal drainage piping slope.

Horizontal drainage piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at uniform slopes not less than 1/4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for 21/2 inch (64 mm) diameter and less, and not less than 1/8 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope) for diameters of 3 inches (76 mm) or more.

P3005.4 (710.1) Drain pipe sizing.

Drain pipes shall be sized according to drainage fixture unit (d.f.u.) loads. The size of the drainage piping shall not be reduced in size in the direction of flow. The following general procedure is permitted to be used:

  1. 1.Draw an isometric layout or riser diagram denoting fixtures on the layout.

  2. 2.Assign d.f.u. values to each fixture group plus individual fixtures using Table P3004.1.

  3. 3.Starting with the top floor or most remote fixtures, work downstream toward the building drain accumulating d.f.u. values for fixture groups plus individual fixtures for each branch. Where multiple bath groups are being added, use the reduced d.f.u. values in Table P3004.1, which take into account probability factors of simultaneous use.

  4. 4.Size branches and stacks by equating the assigned d.f.u. values to pipe sizes shown in Table P3005.4.1.

  5. 5.Determine the pipe diameter and slope of the building drain and building sewer based on the accumulated d.f.u. values, using Table P3005.4.2.

P3005.4.1 Branch and stack sizing.

Branches and stacks shall be sized in accordance with Table P3005.4.1. Below grade drain pipes shall be not less than 2 inches (51mm) in diameter. Drain stacks shall be not smaller than the largest horizontal branch connected.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.A 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend or flange.

  2. 2.A 4-inch (102 mm) closet bend connected to a 3-inch (76 mm) stack tee shall not be prohibited.

TABLE P3005.4.1

MAXIMUM FIXTURE UNITS ALLOWED TO BE CONNECTED TO BRANCHES AND STACKS

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE (inches) ANY HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCHd ANY ONE VERTICAL STACK OR DRAIN
11/4a
11/2b 3 4
2b 6 10
21/2b 12 20
3f 20c 48
4 160 240

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

  1. a.11/4-inch pipe size limited to a single-fixture drain or trap arm. See Table P3201.7.

  2. b.No water closets.

  3. c.No more than three water closets.

  4. d.Fifty percent less for circuit-vented fixture branches.

  5. e.Minimum of 2-inch diameter underground.

  6. f.The minimum size of any branches serving a water closet shall be 3 inches.

P3005.4.2 Building drain and sewer size and slope.

Pipe sizes and slope shall be determined from Table P3005.4.2 on the basis of drainage load in fixture units (d.f.u.) computed from Table P3004.1.

TABLE P3005.4.2

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FIXTURE UNITS ALLOWED TO BE CONNECTED TO THE BUILDING DRAIN, BUILDING DRAIN BRANCHES OR THE BUILDING SEWERc, e

DIAMETER OF PIPE (inches) SLOPE PER FOOT
1/8 inch 1/4 inch 1/2 inch
11/2a, b Note a Note a
2b 21 27
21/2b 24 31
3d 36 42 50
4 180 216 250

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

  1. a.11/2-inch pipe size limited to a building drain branch serving not more than two waste fixtures, or not more than one waste fixture if serving a pumped discharge fixture or food waste disposer discharge.

  2. b.No water closets.

  3. c.No building sewer shall be less than 4 inches in size.

  4. d.No more than three water closets.

  5. e.Minimum of 2-inch diameter underground.

P3005.5 Connections to offsets and bases of stacks.

Horizontal branches shall connect to the bases of stacks at a point located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack downstream from the stack. Horizontal branches shall connect to horizontal stack offsets at a point located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack downstream from the upper stack.

SECTION P3006
SIZING OF DRAIN PIPE OFFSETS

P3006.1 Vertical offsets.

An offset in a vertical drain, with a change of direction of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) or less from the vertical, shall be sized as a straight vertical drain.

P3006.2 Horizontal offsets above the lowest branch.

A stack with an offset of more than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from the vertical shall be sized as follows:

  1. 1.The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as for a regular stack based on the total number of fixture units above the offset.

  2. 2.The offset shall be sized as for a building drain in accordance with Table P3005.4.2.

  3. 3.The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as for the offset or based on the total number of fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger.

P3006.3 Horizontal offsets below the lowest branch.

In soil or waste stacks below the lowest horizontal branch, a change in diameter shall not be required if the offset is made at an angle not greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from the vertical. If an offset greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from the vertical is made, the offset and stack below it shall be sized as a building drain (see Table P3005.4.2).

SECTION P3007
SUMPS AND EJECTORS

P3007.1 (712.1) Building subdrains.

Building subdrains that cannot be discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged into a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid shall be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage system by automatic pumping equipment or other approved method. In other than existing structures, the sump shall not receive drainage from any piping within the building capable of being discharged by gravity to the building sewer.

P3007.2 (712.2) Valves required.

A check valve, a full open valve and a means for cleanout located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be installed in the pump or ejector discharge piping between the pump or ejector and the gravity drainage system. Access shall be provided to such valves. Such valves shall be located above the sump cover required by Section P3007.3.2 or, where the discharge pipe from the ejector is below grade, the valves shall be accessibly located outside the sump below grade in an access pit with a removable access cover.

P3007.3 (712.3) Sump design.

The sump pump, pit and discharge piping shall conform to the requirements of Sections P3007.3.1 through P3007.3.5.

P3007.3.1 (712.3.1) Sump pump.

The sump pump capacity and head shall be appropriate to anticipated use requirements.

P3007.3.2 (712.3.2) Sump pit.

The sump pit shall be not less than 18 inches (457 mm) in diameter and 24 inches (610 mm) deep, unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and located so that drainage flows into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed of tile, concrete, steel, plastic or other approved materials. The pit bottom shall be solid and provide permanent support for the pump. The sump pit shall be fitted with a gas-tight removable cover that is installed above grade level or floor level, or not more than 2 inches (51 mm) below grade or floor level. The cover shall be adequate to support anticipated loads in the area of use. The sump pit shall be vented in accordance with Chapter 31.

P3007.3.3 (712.3.3) Discharge pipe and fittings.

Discharge pipe and fittings serving sump pumps and ejectors shall be constructed of materials pressure-rated for not less than the maximum discharge pressure of the pump in accordance with Sections P3007.3.3.1 and P3007.3.3.2 and shall be approved.

P3007.3.3.1 (712.3.3.1) Materials.

Forced main sewer piping shall conform to one of the standards for ABS plastic pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing, PVC plastic pipe or pressure-rated pipe indicated in Table P3002.2, excluding cell-core products.

P3007.3.3.2 (712.3.3.2) Ratings.

Pipe and fittings shall be rated for the maximum system operating pressure and temperature. Pipe fitting materials shall be compatible with the pipe material. Where pipe and fittings are buried in the earth, they shall be suitable for burial.

P3007.3.4 (712.3.4) Maximum effluent level.

The effluent level control shall be adjusted and maintained to at all times prevent the effluent in the sump from rising to within 2 inches (51 mm) of the invert of the gravity drain inlet into the sump.

P3007.3.4.1 (712.3.4.1) Sump alarms.

Sumps that discharge by means of automatic pumping equipment shall be provided with an approved, electrically operated high-water indicating alarm. A remote sensor shall activate the alarm when the fluid level exceeds a preset level that is less than the maximum capacity of the sump. The alarm shall function to provide an audiovisual signal to occupants within the building. Electrical power for the alarm shall be supplied through a branch circuit separate from that supplying the pump motor.

Exception: Sump alarms are not required for single point-of-use sump pumps and macerating toilet systems.

P3007.3.5 (712.3.5) Ejector connection to the drainage system.

Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect to a building sewer, building drain, soil stack, waste stack or horizontal branch drain. Where the discharge line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the connection shall be made through a wye fitting into the top of the drainage piping and such wye fitting shall be located not less than 10 pipe diameters from the base of any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain.

P3007.4 (712.4) Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors.

A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall automatically discharge the contents of the sump to the building drainage system. The ejector pump discharge pipe shall not discharge directly into a septic tank. The pumped line shall discharge laterally into a 4-inch (102 mm) gravity line not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the connection to the tank through a lateral wye branch.

P3007.5 (712.4.1) Macerating toilet systems and pumped waste systems.

Macerating toilet systems and pumped waste systems shall comply with ASME A112.3.4/CSA B45.9 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

P3007.6 (712.4.2) Capacity.

Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors shall have the capacity and head for the application requirements. Pumps and ejectors that receive the discharge of water closets shall be capable of handling spherical solids with a diameter of up to and including 2 inches (51 mm). Other pumps or ejectors shall be capable of handling spherical solids with a diameter of up to and including 1 inch (25.4 mm). The minimum capacity of a pump or ejector based on the diameter of the discharge pipe shall be in accordance with Table 3007.6.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.Grinder pumps or grinder ejectors that receive the discharge of water closets shall have a discharge opening of not less than 11/4 inches (32 mm).

  2. 2.Macerating toilet assemblies that serve single water closets shall have a discharge opening of not less than 3/4 inch (19 mm).

TABLE 3007.6 (712.4.2)

MINIMUM CAPACITY OF SEWAGE PUMP OR SEWAGE EJECTOR

DIAMETER OF THE DISCHARGE PIPE (inches) CAPACITY OF PUMP OR EJECTOR (gpm)
2 21
21/2 30
3 46

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.

SECTION P3008
BACKWATER VALVES

P3008.1 (715.1) Sewage backflow.

Where the plumbing fixtures are installed on a floor with a finished floor elevation below the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer, the fixtures shall be protected by a backwater valve installed in the building drain, branch of the building drain or horizontal branch serving such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures installed on a floor with a finished floor elevation above the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer shall not discharge through a backwater valve.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.In existing buildings, fixtures above the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer shall not be prohibited from discharging through a backwater valve.

  2. 2.Where the sewer service line ties directly to a manhole, that manhole is considered to be the next upstream manhole.

  3. 3.Where hub drains are located in the crawl space for condensate waste, a backwater valve or check valve shall be installed.

P3008.2 (715.2) Material.

Bearing parts of backwater valves shall be of corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall comply with ASME A112.14.1, CSA B181.1 or CSA B181.2.

P3008.3 (715.3) Seal.

Backwater valves shall be constructed to provide a mechanical seal against backflow.

P3008.4 (715.4) Diameter.

Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they are installed.

P3008.5 (715.5) Location.

Backwater valves shall be installed so that the working parts are accessible for service and repair.

P3008.6 (715.6) Crawl spaces.

All hub drains or floor drains installed in crawl spaces shall be protected from backflow into the building by a check valve or back-water valve installed in the lateral serving the said hub drain or floor drain.

SECTION P3009
SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Deleted.

SECTION P3010
REPLACEMENT OF UNDERGROUND SEWERS
BY PIPE BURSTING METHODS

P3010.1 (717.1) General.

This section shall govern the replacement of existing building sewer piping by pipe-bursting methods.

P3010.2 (717.2) Applicability.

The replacement of building sewer piping by pipe bursting methods shall be limited to gravity drainage piping of sizes 6 inches (150 mm) and smaller. The replacement piping shall be of the same nominal size as the existing piping.

P3010.3 (717.3) Preinstallation inspection.

The existing piping sections to be replaced shall be inspected internally by a recorded video camera survey. The survey shall include notations of the position of cleanouts and the depth of connections to the existing piping.

P3010.4 (717.4) Pipe.

The replacement pipe shall be made of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that conforms to cell classification number PE3608, PE4608 or PE4710 as indicated in ASTM F714. The pipe fittings shall be manufactured with an SDR of 17 and in compliance with ASTM F714.

P3010.5 (717.5) Pipe fittings.

Pipe fittings to be connected to the replacement piping shall be made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that conforms to cell classification number PE3608, PE4608 or PE4710 as indicated in ASTM F714. The pipe fittings shall be manufactured with an SDR of 17 and in compliance with ASTM D2683.

P3010.6 (717.6) Cleanouts.

Where the existing building sewer did not have cleanouts meeting the requirements of this code, cleanout fittings shall be installed as required by this code.

P3010.7 (717.7) Post-installation inspection.

The completed replacement piping section shall be inspected internally by a recorded video camera survey. The video survey shall be reviewed and approved by the building official prior to pressure testing of the replacement piping system.

P3010.8 Pressure testing.

Deleted.